The State Government of Baden-Württemberg´s Guiding Principles on Europe

Dear Sir / Madam, fellow Europeans, In Baden-Württemberg we have truly embraced the maxim, “Europe is our future”. In fact, our State Constitution requires us to shape our State within a united Europe and to actively participate in a “Europe of regions”. And there are good reasons for this. For centuries, our location at the heart of the continent brought us endless wars. impact on our State. Digitalisation of the economy Since the founding of the EU, Europe has enjoyed and society, climate change and international ter- the longest period of peace, freedom, stability and rorism do not respect borders. They demonstra- prosperity that there has ever been in European te today, more than ever, how vital it is to have a history. Today, our position in the centre of Europe strong and effective EU. is a blessing. There is scarcely another state that owes more to European integration than ours. What should the EU of the future look like? Our We are the most innovative and export-oriented Guiding Principles on Europe provide the answer region in Europe. The EU has played a major role to this question from the point of view of our Sta- in this. However, the EU is not just an economic te. “We will take the lead”– that is the mission community. For us, the EU is above all a commu- statement of our Dialogue on Europe. We see nity of shared values. ourselves as a driving force behind European inte- gration, not one of those set on hindering it. With This is not guaranteed to last forever. The rule of our Dialogue on Europe, we had one main goal: to law, freedom of expression and the separation of engage the citizens of our State in conversation. powers are being undermined in individual Mem- Only by winning over our fellow citizens on the ber States. matter of Europe, will we continue to successfully Authoritarian models of society are once again ﬁn- assert our position in the future. ding support. A lack of solidarity, as in the case of Yours sincerely, refugee policy, weakens cohesion. At the same time, globalisation is bringing the world closer to- gether. International developments have a direct 4 Winfried Kretschmann MdL Member of the State Parliament Prime Minister of the State of Baden-Württemberg

Dear Sir / Madam, Baden-Württemberg is not only situated in the heart of Europe, Baden-Württemberg also needs a strong European Union. Business and science are closely linked to our neighbours; our municipa- lities and institutions cultivate diverse partnerships throughout Europe. Therefore, the debate on the future of the European Union is of the utmost re- Baden-Württemberg has a long tradition of being levance to our State. actively involved in European political processes. With the policy we have drawn up, we wish to With its Dialogue on Europe, the State Govern- present our standpoint to Brussels and Strasbourg ment has thus taken up this debate. Together with and raise our proﬁle there. At the same time, it experts from science, research, churches, trade is important to provide an impetus for European unions, associations and politics, on the Internet policy work across the State. and at citizens’ forums with randomly selected residents of Baden-Württemberg, we looked for The State Government is counting on a strong and answers to the questions concerning Europe‘s successful European Union. An EU that stands for future. It is my ﬁrm belief that the European idea democracy and the rule of law in the world. An demands open and critical debate. We should not EU that combines economic success with social be afraid of a wide spectrum of opinions, rather welfare. An EU that guarantees its citizens peace, we should be fearful of indifference and apathy. I freedom and prosperity. would therefore like to thank all those involved for their committed participation. Yours sincerely, Guido Wolf MdL Member of the State Parliament Minister of Justice and European Affairs 5

Outline Where do we stand today? Preamble: Principles governing our European policy In what kind of an EU do we want to live in the future? Ten visions of the future Ten visions of the future 1. An EU that lives by its shared values 2. An EU built from the bottom up 3. An EU that has the power to act, is constitutional and democratic 4. An EU that fulﬁls its role in the world with strength and responsibility 5. An EU that delivers prosperity and social protection 6. An EU that protects its citizens 7. An EU that provides assistance to vulnerable people 8. An EU that preserves life and natural resources 9. An EU that promotes knowledge and innovation 10. An EU that brings its citizens together Process description Venues all over Baden-Württemberg Timeline of events Process description Survey Imprint 8 - 10 11 - 13 14 - 40 14 - 15 16 - 17 18 - 19 20 - 21 22 - 23 24 - 27 28 - 31 32 - 33 34 - 35 36 - 37 38 - 40 41 - 45 41 42 - 43 44 - 45 46 - 49 50 - 51 7

Where do we stand today? The European continent has experienced an un- cial security systems to the test. In recent years, precedented period of peace and prosperity over however, the Member States have managed to the last 70 years. In recognition of this, the Euro- hold their own in global competition and played pean Union (EU) was awarded the Nobel Peace their part in shaping globalisation. The consolida- Prize in 2012. The EU is in a good economic tion of the EU single market and the common cur- position today: employment ﬁgures are on the rency area have played a major role in this. This rise, the average real per capita income of private required a number of Member States to make major households has risen, the unemployment rate in adjustments and, in some cases, substantial cuts the eurozone is at its lowest level since November to their social security systems, which resulted in 2008, and Greece is the latest country to have left severe austerity for their populations. The pres- the EU safety net. sure to adapt to globalisation continues unabated. Third countries are also attempting to establish Nevertheless, many Europeans feel that what has economic and political ties with individual Member been achieved and what is believed to be certain States through investment. is in fact fragile. They are aware that more than 60 years after its creation as an economic com- Closely linked to globalisation is digitalisation, munity, the EU today faces major challenges and which offers many opportunities but also pro- unresolved problems: foundly changes the economy and society. New digital business models are often disruptive and Globalisation is putting the EU economy and so- present major challenges to traditional supply 8

chains and industries. Digital business models The consequences of climate change are clear- can exploit the advantages afforded by the loca- ly visible. There is an urgent need for action by tion of individual Member States or play Member the EU as a whole. The industrialised countries in States off against each other, as EU regulatory Europe are major contributors to increasing CO2 and tax models are often still based on traditional emissions and pollution. In the meantime, this is economic models. The EU faces the challenge of also the case in China and numerous emerging establishing just regulations for the digital econo- economies in Asia and South America. my without stiﬂing innovation. 2018 marked the tenth anniversary of the start of The international order is in a period of upheav- the global ﬁnancial crisis. It hit the euro countries al. The global balance of power is changing. New particularly hard, but was also a severe challenge conﬂicts are arising and old ones are re-emerging. for the EU as a whole. The crisis was apparent Conﬂicts between the major powers on trade either in the form of severe austerity programmes, issues have led to increased protectionism across particularly hitting social welfare, or in the form of the globe. a persistent slump in interest rates on the savings of many citizens, resulting in real losses in value. It Global migration is on the increase. The number was possible to avert the insolvency of individual of those seeking protection from persecution euro states, in some cases putting a severe strain and displacement or in search of a better life is on the EU treaties. All this has led to a loss of con- constantly rising. The migration issue divides the ﬁdence among EU citizens. Member States, often making it impossible to ﬁnd the necessary common European solutions. A Union of 28 states has grown out of the com- munity of six founding states, encompassing large 9

parts of the continent of Europe. The accession The European project is no longer fully accepted in processes have stabilised the economies of many all Member States. Forces hostile to the EU at the countries and promoted democracy and the rule margins of the political spectrum have recently of law. With every round of accession, however, been winning votes, and in some Member States the EU has also become more heterogeneous. they even constitute the government. Each Member State brings with it its own history and convictions to the Union. United in diversity The structure of the EU is complex. For many – the motto of the EU is very ﬁtting and creates citizens and business leaders, the responsibilities a beautiful image. It is an ongoing task continu- and competences of the individual levels of the ally identifying and working out what unites the Union are somewhat unclear. There is a need to Member States and at the same time ensuring continuously educate the public on EU policies that they are able to retain their own unique char- and actions and to explain their individual impli- acteristics. This is often an arduous process, but cations. There is still a long way to go towards a necessary for safeguarding the cohesion of the common European public sphere. EU. In the long term, the EU can only operate effectively if it is in partnership with its Member States and its citizens. It hinges on the acceptance of its members. The outcome of the Brexit ref- erendum has shocked the EU. The withdrawal of the United Kingdom and the ensuing consequenc- es present a major challenge to EU cohesion. 10

Preamble: Principles governing our European policy Our commitment to Europe is part of Baden- the symbolic birth of European integration. Baden- Württemberg‘s raison d‘état. In the preamble Württemberg shares the longest common border to the State Constitution it is laid down that the of all German states with France. Cross-border State is to be shaped “as a living member of the cooperation in the Upper Rhine region is thriving. Federal Republic of Germany in a united Europe, The region is now characterised by cultural diver- the structure of which is in accordance with fe- sity and economic strength. deral and subsidiarity principles”. The achieve- ments of European integration are clearly visible The EU has been instrumental in enhancing the in the development of the State. prosperity of Member States and their citizens. The most important instrument for this is the The European Communities were founded after EU single market, the largest contiguous econo- the two world wars as a project of peace and mic area in the world. This is especially true for reconciliation and to oppose the nationalism that Baden-Württemberg, since the State‘s economy existed in the European countries. Wars and is primarily driven by exports. The single market competition have shaped Europe for centuries. lays down common regulations enabling the Reconciliation between Germany and France was smooth cross-border trade goods. In order to 11

counterbalance the single market, the cohesion respond to local and regional differences in the policy was adopted to safeguard and strengthen interests of their citizens. The subsidiarity prin- economic, social and territorial cohesion. The ciple may also mean that the EU level needs to be Member States are united by the European empowered on issues where European action has model of a social market economy. The focus is added value. Only if the lower levels cannot solve on people, and not just in terms of their role as a problem is it necessary to act at a higher level. consumers. EU cohesion relies on dialogue and interaction. The EU has long been more than merely an eco- Numerous cities, districts and municipalities in nomic community. It stands for a social order that Baden-Württemberg maintain and foster part- protects human and civil rights as well as minority nerships throughout Europe. This also applies to rights and practises and defends democracy, the schools, associations, administrations and other separation of powers and equality within the EU. institutions. Many of our universities, research The EU is a community of law. The success of the and cultural institutions work closely with partners Union depends on all Member States respecting across Europe. the agreements reached. The location of the State in the border triangle Subsidiarity is the central dimension on which with France, Switzerland and neighbouring Austria the EU‘s success hinges. A culture of subsidiari- enables a close exchange and cooperation across ty, which Baden-Württemberg has always advo- borders. For more than four decades, regions de- cated, gives Member States, federal states, rural monstrating exemplary cross-border cooperation districts, towns and municipalities the freedom to have emerged in this area, which have contribut- 12

ed to tangible improvements in the everyday lives of people, companies, employees, consumers, local authorities and universities. Here, you can experience at ﬁrst hand what it is really like to be European. In addition, Baden-Württemberg is part of the “Four Motors for Europe” network; our bond with Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Lombardy and Catalonia is built on our shared vision for a Europe of strong and innovative regions. The source of the Danube is in Baden-Württemberg. The State was one of the driving forces behind the EU strategy for the Danube region, in which it now cooperates in many ways with the Danube countries. 13

1. An EU that lives by its shared values The EU is a community of shared values and Compliance with these European values also therefore far more than an economic community. serves as a benchmark for the EU‘s own actions. These values are respect for human dignity, free- The EU is called upon to represent these European dom, democracy, equality, the rule of law and hu- values in its foreign and security policies with con- man rights, including the rights of persons belong- viction. As a global economic power, the EU enjoys ing to minorities (Article 2 of the Treaty on European a high level of prestige and inﬂuence. In future, it Union). Europe has nurtured these values as a must make greater use of this potential to promote result of its turbulent history and the fruitful the European model of peaceful coexistence in dialogue and exchange between its peoples. global conﬂicts. Action based on a set of shared European societal models are rooted in these values provides the basis for EU engagement in values. They are characterised by the freedom of trade and economic policy, on the issues of asylum the individual, the integrity of creation, the social and migration, climate and the environment. The market economy, solidarity, pluralism, freedom objectives of Agenda 2030 for sustainable deve- of expression and gender equality. They must lopment also provide an operational framework for be defended worldwide, especially when faced the EU. with autocratic forms of government that restrict 16 people‘s freedom.

The Member States must also live by these common European Regional characteristics and traditions which shape everyday life values. The EU is committed to ensuring that Member States uphold must be respected and nurtured. European identity stands alongside European values. If European values are jeopardised by the actions national and regional identities. of governments in individual Member States and if fundamental values are no longer sufﬁciently respected, there is a risk that the Community will erode. The EU is a community of law. Its continued existence depends on the contracting parties adhering to the agree- ments reached. Since the EU is an association of sovereign states, it is dependent on the cooperation of the Member States to enforce its rules. The State Government shall assist the Commission in using the mechanisms laid down in the Treaties to enforce its rules, including the Rule of Law procedure with the option of suspending a Member State’s voting rights (Article 7 of the Treaty on European Union). Compliance with constitutional standards must also be the deciding factor in the disbursement of EU funds. Should the exis- ting instruments prove to be ineffective in the long term, new, more effective instruments must be considered in the context of a treaty amendment, up to and including expulsion from the EU. Acceptance of the EU is based on its reliability and predictability. European values and norms are based on the rich diversity of European cultures. This diversity is a value in itself. 17

2. An EU built from the bottom up The EU is structured from the bottom up accor- The EU needs to be empowered on issues ding to its own Treaty (Art. 5 Treaty on European where European action has added value, in parti- Union), which means that it is based on the prin- cular on issues with a European or global dimen- ciple of subsidiarity. According to this principle, sion. Such issues include foreign and defence which derives from Christian social teaching, the policy, refugee policy, cutting-edge research and individual is ﬁrst and foremost responsible for his climate protection. The next reform of the EU or her own interests. The EU is founded on strong should also address the issue of allocation of municipalities, cities and rural districts as these competencies between the EU level, Member are the closest authorities to the citizens. All levels States, regions and municipalities. The aim is to have their own sphere of inﬂuence and participate establish an allocation of competences in which in EU policy. Only if the remit is too great for the the EU is strengthened on overarching key issues individual, the municipalities or the regions, should and the regions and local authorities, for their part, action be taken at the next higher level, i.e. by the are given more powers to shape policy. Member States or the EU. Subsidiarity must become the decisive criterion ves to strengthen the subsidiarity principle. The for the distribution of functions within the EU. principle of subsidiarity needs to be applied more We welcome the Commission‘s diverse initiati- 18

fully in the EU‘s decision-making; this is true in all areas that do of the subsidiarity principle, we therefore advocate that, in future, not fall within the EU‘s exclusive competence. When drafting new priority be given to the EU Directive. This instrument offers freedom EU legislative proposals, we call on the Commission, but also the with regard to national or regional implementation methods. We European Parliament and the Council, to outline more clearly how commit ourselves to implementing EU law within the framework the lower levels are unable to achieve the objective sufﬁciently, and set by the EU without signiﬁcantly increasing regional or national how this objective can be better achieved at EU level. To this end, regulations (no gold-plating). the Commission should improve its impact assessments and in- volve Member States and regions more closely in the preparation Preserving room for manoeuvre is particularly important for local of legislative proposals. In return, Baden-Württemberg will become authorities. The EU is committed to respecting regional and local more involved in the process of conducting impact assessments of self-government (Article 4 of the Treaty on European Union). This EU legislative proposals that are important for the State. means, in particular, that freedom of action in the area of local public services, such as water supply, sewage disposal, waste manage- The national parliaments must be given greater prominence be- ment or educational and cultural facilities, must be retained and not cause they have an important bridging function to the local citizens. restricted by EU requirements. In this regard, we will further inten- Particularly with regard to subsidiarity control, procedures must be sify the exchange of information with our municipalities. Beyond designed in such a way that the legitimate concerns of national that, we will examine whether the proportion of municipal represen- parliaments are better taken into account. So far, a subsidiarity com- tatives on the Committee of the Regions can be increased. plaint (yellow card) requires the approval of one third of the national parliaments. This hurdle has proved to be too high. We therefore call for the quorum to be lowered. The State Government expects the EU to examine more closely in future whether any planned legislative proposal does indeed have a speciﬁc legal basis in the Treaty. The EU often bases its legislative proposals on a general clause aimed at achieving the objectives of the single market (Article 114 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union). The Commission should commit itself (Code of Conduct) to only using the general clause if there is a direct link to the single market. We also expect the EU to actively limit the volume of EU legislation. Instead of regulating all the details, the EU must focus more on the framework, principles and objectives. In view 19

3. An EU that has the power to act, is constitutional and democratic A strong EU has the aspiration to safeguard the in critical areas such as tax and social policy, where it can play an power to act, the rule of law and also democratic important protective role. accountability. The political, social and economic differences between the Member States often The State Government is also in favour of strengthening the EU‘s make it difﬁcult to establish a common will. This capacity to act through the joint efforts of individual Member States hampers the EU‘s ability to act and impedes rapid on speciﬁc issues. The Treaties already provide for such enhanced progress. In addition, enlargement has posed new cooperation for speciﬁc EU policy areas. Intensiﬁed intergovern- challenges to decision-making at EU level. mental cooperation may also be beneﬁcial. In both cases, such a group must always remain open to further Member States. Where this is already possible under the Treaty, the State Government considers it necessary to The EU‘s capacity to act must not, however, be increased at the examine cases where unanimity can be replaced expense of the democratic reconnection of EU decisions. This by majority voting. This applies in particular to the is important for the acceptance of the decisions and thus for the common foreign and security policy. On the other success of the European project. This accountability is based, on the hand, the unanimity principle should be retained one hand, on the participation of the Member States in the decision- 20

making processes in the European Council and in the Council of strengthen a common European public sphere and at the same time Ministers of the EU - involving the national parliaments in accordance restore a balance with non-European digital companies. with national requirements - and, on the other hand, on elections to the European Parliament. Other forms of civic participation, such as the European Citizens’ Initiative, are also necessary for a European public sphere. The The European Parliament has experienced a signiﬁcant increase Commission also consults citizens prior to legislative initiatives. It is in power since its inception, most recently through the Treaty of particularly important to make the submitted proposals more Lisbon. Apart from a few exceptions, it is ﬁnally able to take decisi- representative and to enhance their regional focus. Particular weight ons in its capacity as co-legislator as an equal partner, especially as should be given to the opinions of regional governments and regards the EU budget. It is an important indicator for democracy in parliaments with legislative powers. Baden-Württemberg has had the EU that the European Parliament has developed in this way. In positive experiences with citizen participation, especially with the the long term, an EU electoral law that better reﬂects the situation of process of selecting random citizens for dialogue forums. the EU population can make a further contribution to strengthening the European Parliament‘s democratic accountability. For example, it would also be conceivable to have cross-border constituencies or transnational lists governed by European law. We are in favour of the development of linking the election of the President of the Commis- sion even more closely to the decision of a parliamentary majority in the European Parliament. However, any further adaptation to the European Parliament must be in line with the requirements of the German Constitution and the rulings of the Federal Constitutional Court on European issues. A European public sphere is also important for democratic recon- nection. Key to this is national and pan-European reporting on European policy debates and decisions made by the EU institutions. This includes, among other things, broadcasts and in-depth media coverage of plenary debates in the European Parliament. The visibili- ty of EU institutions in social media should be further enhanced. An EU-wide common media platform featuring European content could 21

4. An EU that fulfils its role in the world with strength and responsibility The EU has made a signiﬁcant contribution to cisions on foreign and security policy issues not only unanimously peace, stability and prosperity in Baden-Württem- but also by qualiﬁed majority. From the point of view of the State, berg. It is therefore in the vested interest of the the medium-term goal is a common EU foreign policy. The Common State to assume responsibility for the success of Security and Defence Policy, which is an integral part of EU policy, is European integration. crucial to the goal of maintaining peace, whether in the wider world or closer to home. Therefore, the efforts to consolidate resources The major challenges and tasks are above all and establish a European army in close cooperation with NATO are global in nature. The individual Member States to be welcomed. Baden-Württemberg can also contribute to EU are too small to act alone. In the long term, there- security policy within the scope of its competences. This can be fore, we can only help shape developments in the done, for example, by participating in EU police and rule of law world at EU level. The decisive factor here is an missions in third countries. EU foreign policy based on a common will. The Member States should be able to take de- contribute to global peacekeeping, stability and economically Coherent development cooperation coordinated at EU level can 22

sustainable development in the countries of the Global South. nomic contacts with its neighbours in order to foster political and Coordination of development cooperation must therefore be economic stability. In addition to developing relations and strengt- strengthened at EU level. Baden-Württemberg supports Agenda hening democratic structures and the rule of law, the EU is also 2030 within the framework of its development partnerships and required to provide further development assistance, including individual projects at home and abroad. The State actively participa- investment in transnational infrastructure. tes in networks and partnerships in the EU and contributes to their development with its sustainability strategy. It is the view of the State Government that the Western Balkan countries should be given the prospect of accession. A prerequisite As a region with an export-oriented economy, Baden-Württemberg for EU accession is full fulﬁlment of the accession criteria, in parti- beneﬁts from open markets and rule-based international trade. Inter- cular a functioning democracy and rule of law, a functioning market national trade offers great opportunities for our State. Fair conditions economy and protection of minorities (Copenhagen criteria). Baden- of competition, open markets and maintaining high standards are Württemberg will continue to work towards bringing these states essential to securing our prosperity. As the largest economic area closer to the common standards and values of the EU, within the in the world, the EU has an important role to play in deﬁning the framework of its Joint Government Commissions and the EU Stra- rules of play. In the long term, there is a need for a multilateral trade tegy for the Danube Region. The EU should consider new models regime under the umbrella of the World Trade Organisation (WTO). of close cooperation at a level lower than full membership for states If no further progress can be made in this direction, the ﬁrst step will that are not likely to meet the accession criteria, common values and be to conclude bilateral EU trade and economic partnership agree- EU standards in the foreseeable future. ments with other states and alliances of states. Trade agreements with developing countries must offer the partner states sufﬁcient scope for developing and maintaining a sustainable local economy and value creation. In global competition, it will be imperative to uphold EU standards and values. In the area of data protection, EU norms have become standard in other parts of the world. The EU‘s objective must there- fore be to play its part in setting global standards in key future-orien- ted areas such as digitalisation, artiﬁcial intelligence, biotechnology and genetics. It is in the EU‘s intrinsic interest to maintain close relations and eco- 23

5. An EU that delivers prosperity and social protection The EU continues to contribute to prosperity, jobs to remove practical obstacles so that consumers and social security. The EU single market, with its can beneﬁt from greater choice and lower prices four fundamental freedoms (free movement of and companies can offer their goods and ser- goods, people, services and capital), guarantees vices across the EU. Differences in administrative a stable regulatory framework for businesses, regulations, reporting procedures, forms or docu- workers and consumers. They all beneﬁt from the mentation requirements deter companies from high standards of the single market. operating in another Member State, particularly in the services sector. The Commission must step Within the single market, competition for the best up its efforts to eliminate these differences; how- solutions must continue to be possible and proven ever, it is above all the Member States that must regional features such as the master craftsman‘s align their rules and administrative practices. Ba- certiﬁcate or the cooperative or savings bank den-Württemberg will continue to work for the re- model must be preserved. There is much more moval of existing obstacles in the Franco-German to regions and local authorities than simply being border region. Barriers to social services should places to invest in the single market. also be reduced where possible and cooperation There needs to be increased efforts across the EU the ﬁeld of healthcare, while taking into account should be sought in border areas, for example in 24

the speciﬁc nature of social services, particularly national level to achieve effective taxation of busi- in the ﬁeld of services of general interest. ness activities on the Internet. The single market must be continually improved A strong euro as a global currency must remain and developed. The high standards required by the main objective of EU monetary policy. The the social market economy model must also be Stability and Growth Pact lays down basic rules for upheld and further developed for digital business the monetary union to function. The Commission models. The EU has many years of experience in must be more consistent in ensuring that these creating a common legal base for states with dif- rules are observed. Any further development of ferent political, cultural and historical backgrounds. the Economic and Monetary Union must be gui- The EU has the opportunity to develop standards ded by the principle of joint risk and liability and for a global Internet policy. To this end, rules must the sustainability of public ﬁnances. In the future, be put in place that strike the right balance bet- there must also be no unconditional ﬁnancial aid ween guaranteeing freedom of expression and in the eurozone. Implementing growth-enhancing, data protection, a high level of security and the sustainable structural reforms in the Member promotion of innovation. States is a high priority. The allocation of EU funds should therefore in future be linked more closely At the same time, European and international to reforms carried out in the Member States. It cooperation in tax matters must be intensiﬁed is, however, primarily up to the Member States to in order to combat tax avoidance and enable fair carry out structural reforms to improve their com- competition between different regions. The emer- petitiveness; this is in their own interest. All euro gence of new business models on the Internet states must ﬁrst implement stable national depo- also requires coordinated action at EU and inter- sit guarantee schemes before any possible steps 25

towards Europe-wide deposit guarantee schemes Act should be further advanced as an ambitious can be considered. For the State Government it is SME policy instrument to achieve intelligent EU important that the special situation of the savings regulation adapted to the needs of SMEs and banks and cooperative banks is fully taken into micro-enterprises. account. A proportionate approach to banking regulation is required that does not impose the Creating jobs and reducing unemployment, in par- same regulations on small, regional banks as it ticular youth unemployment, must continue to be does on large, systemically important institutions. the common objective of efforts undertaken at all political levels. Baden-Württemberg sees the A distinguishing feature of European economies successful dual training system as an important is their strong, innovative small and medium-sized element in this and will continue to play an active enterprises (SMEs). They create many jobs, have role by implementing its own measures within the strong roots in their local regions and are often framework of cooperation with other regions and very innovative and adaptable. The EU should Member States. The EU and the Member States increase its support for SMEs and start-ups. It should become more involved in this area with should, together with the Member States, create their own programmes. a business-friendly environment for entrepreneurs by simplifying legislation. Regulations in areas The safeguarding of fair working conditions and such as taxation, reporting and information obliga- the improvement of the mobility of skilled wor- tions and occupational health and safety need to kers within the EU must be enhanced. The achie- be reviewed to ensure that they do not impose vements of the social market economy, such disproportionate burdens on SMEs and, where as strong social partnership, co-determination appropriate, be adapted. The EU‘s Small Business rights and effective social security systems, must 26

6. An EU that protects its citizens The linking of economies and the Schengen area We welcome the fact that in recent years the with no internal borders are key EU achievements EU has created a large number of instruments from which people beneﬁt directly. However, to strengthen the security architecture in the EU, despite their obvious advantages, these achieve- such as databases or regulations on joint investi- ments have in part led EU citizens to doubt the gation teams. However, the landscape of national ability of the state to act. Criminals also exploit the and European databases has sometimes become opportunities offered by borderless travel and thus confusing. Given the many different instruments damage the acceptance of the EU by its citizens. involved, it is important to carry out a stocktaking and evaluation exercise, involving the relevant The EU and the Member States must therefore authorities. In addition, the quality of these databa- work more closely together to prevent and inves- ses needs to be improved throughout the EU, as tigate criminal offences. Some threats, such as well as ensuring that they are up to date. Further- international terrorism or cybercrime, can only be more, the interconnection and interoperability of tackled effectively if the Member States‘ security the databases is crucial to enable police and secu- authorities cooperate closely with each other and rity authorities to use them effectively. The State if the EU provides an appropriate framework for Administration ensures that the security authori- 28 this. ties are well-trained in the use of the databases.

Where necessary, access by border, migration, To achieve this, both the EU and the Member visa and security authorities should be facilitated States, the regions and the State must play their so that they can quickly and securely detect and part. Legal assistance must also not be allowed prevent identity abuses. Any measure taken must to fail due to technical implementation problems. respect the rights of those concerned. A digital infrastructure needs to be established to allow the exchange of sensitive data in accordance Effective cross-border crime control requires with data protection rules. Particularly in the area that Member States have functioning constitu- of cybercrime, it is necessary to consider pooling tional systems and credibility in their structures. resources in order to avert and investigate new The Commission should therefore use the in- threats. struments provided for in the Treaties to ensure the implementation of the common rules in the Member States. The enlargement of the Schen- gen area also requires strict compliance with the criteria laid down. Exchanging information is an essential aspect of combating cross-border crime. In this context, the joint Franco-German Centre for Police and Customs Cooperation in Kehl serves as a prime example. Security authorities must have the necessary resources and personnel in place to effectively combat emerging threats. 29

Effective cross-border cooperation requires that relevant issues. In any case, this requires demo- those involved are familiar with supranational cratic legitimation, effective legal remedies structures and have an understanding of the work and protection of fundamental rights. For the carried out in other Member States. To achieve ﬁrst time, powers of prosecution have been successful collaboration, staff in the Member established at EU level with the European Public States need to be trained and encouraged to learn Prosecutor‘s Ofﬁce; an extension of competence foreign languages and participate in exchange can only be discussed after operational activity programmes. There should also be tangible incen- has commenced and a well-founded evaluation tives to enhance the level of European expertise has been carried out. within the security authorities and courts. The State Government will step up its efforts in this Protecting the EU‘s external borders is essential regard and also take this into account when awar- for security within the EU. Indeed, the crises of ding leadership positions in the administration and recent years have revealed an urgent need for judiciary. action on this point. Border authorities must be provided with the necessary staff and equipment. Any transfer of security or law enforcement We support the expansion of the European border powers to the EU level is a sensitive issue at the management agency Frontex. For this to happen, very core of state sovereignty. In this respect, such the necessary resources should be made avail- a drastic transfer of competencies can only be able in the EU budget. The technical equipment contemplated after careful consideration of all used at the borders needs to be upgraded further. 30

7. An EU that provides assistance to vulnerable people The EU‘s consensus on values includes the Regulations and standards set at EU level must be implemented principle of preserving the natural basis of life. consistently. Baden-Württemberg intends to contribute to this by This largely derives from the Christian thoughts strengthening enforcement structures at state level and by the on creation. Today, however, we have to reco- exemplary implementation of EU law in the state‘s institutions gnise that human action worldwide is leading and properties. to ever greater interference in natural living and environmental conditions. Global challenges such The EU must work hard internationally to ensure compliance with as climate change or the worldwide extinction the Paris climate agreement. EU framework regulations assist in of species, a steadily increasing consumption of making the implementation of the agreement socially acceptable, resources, the pollution of the oceans and waters neutral in terms of competition and transparent for citizens. Across do not stop at national borders and thus compel the EU, we must continue to pursue the path of reducing green- us to act. If we are to stop and reverse this trend, house gas emissions. Baden-Württemberg therefore wants to com- major efforts are needed in all areas of society and mit itself to making emissions trading more effective at EU level. life and at all levels. The EU must continue to set Member States and regions need to make much greater efforts to the pace in climate and environmental protection. achieve the objective of limiting global warming to well below two degrees Celsius compared to pre-industrial levels in the coming 32

decades; preferably the target should be 1.5 degrees Celsius. With help to reduce the pollution caused by car trafﬁc in cities. its Integrated Energy and Climate Protection Concept, Baden- Württemberg is offering concrete strategies: In this context, priori- We want to reverse the decline in the number of species by making ty will be given to greater energy efﬁciency, a higher proportion of our nature conservation programmes in Baden-Württemberg more renewable energies, adequate infrastructure for the energy revolu- effective, and by expanding existing incentives for agriculture that tion and more intensive research. Baden-Württemberg also sees it preserve and further enhance biodiversity. At EU level, we are in as its duty to advance low-emission mobility. There is also a need favour of a gradual further development of the common agricultu- for greater support for more climate-friendly agriculture and forestry, ral policy, which would also make species protection a measurable which will ensure an increased absorption of carbon dioxide. This target. Baden-Württemberg is working towards the goal of turning means that agriculture and forestry must adapt to the challenges of 30% of agriculture into organic farming. climate change and receive support in the process. The State Government intends to sustainably reduce the consump- animals. An EU-wide objective should be to ensure good husbandry tion of non-renewable resources in favour of a more bio-based, conditions and to support small and medium-sized family farms. The preservation of natural life also means responsible treatment of life-cycle-oriented economy and thus make Baden-Württemberg a pioneering European region in this area. Measures to this end include incentives for environmentally friendly product design, sus- tainable product cycles and recycling as well as consistent waste avoidance. At EU level, the State Government advocates, among other things, a consistent reduction in the use of plastics wherever this is in line with the principle of sustainability. In addition, take-back obligations for more and more product groups and the end of waste exports must be regulated for the entire EU. The EU, the Federal Government and the State must take more initiatives to improve air quality, especially in cities. An important contribution will be made through better conditions for cyclists and pedestrians, the expansion of efﬁcient local public transport and parking management, the reduction of emissions from cars, for example through intelligent mobility concepts and intelligent trafﬁc control systems, or the promotion of electric mobility, which will all 33

8. An EU that preserves life and natural resources The EU‘s consensus on values includes the Regulations and standards set at EU level must be implemented principle of preserving the natural basis of life. This consistently. Baden-Württemberg intends to contribute to this by largely derives from the Christian thoughts on crea- strengthening enforcement structures at state level and by the tion. Today, however, we have to recognise that exemplary implementation of EU law in the state‘s institutions and human action worldwide is leading to ever greater properties. interference in natural living and environmental conditions. Global challenges such as climate The EU must work hard internationally to ensure compliance with the change or the worldwide extinction of species, a Paris climate agreement. EU framework regulations assist in making steadily increasing consumption of resources, the the implementation of the agreement socially acceptable, neutral in pollution of the oceans and waters do not stop at terms of competition and transparent for citizens. Across the EU, we national borders and thus compel us to act. If we must continue to pursue the path of reducing greenhouse gas emissi- are to stop and reverse this trend, major efforts ons. Baden-Württemberg therefore wants to commit itself to making are needed in all areas of society and life and at emissions trading more effective at EU level. Member States and all levels. The EU must continue to set the pace in regions need to make much greater efforts to achieve the objective of climate and environmental protection. limiting global warming to well below two degrees Celsius compared to pre-industrial levels in the coming decades; preferably the target 34

should be 1.5 degrees Celsius. With its Integrated Energy and Climate We want to reverse the decline in the number of species by making Protection Concept, Baden-Württemberg is offering concrete strate- our nature conservation programmes in Baden-Württemberg more gies: In this context, priority will be given to greater energy efﬁciency, effective, and by expanding existing incentives for agriculture that a higher proportion of renewable energies, adequate infrastructure for preserve and further enhance biodiversity. At EU level, we are in the energy revolution and more intensive research. Baden-Württem- favour of a gradual further development of the common agricultu- berg also sees it as its duty to advance low-emission mobility. There ral policy, which would also make species protection a measurable is also a need for greater support for more climate-friendly agricul- target. Baden-Württemberg is working towards the goal of turning ture and forestry, which will ensure an increased absorption of carbon 30% of agriculture into organic farming. dioxide. This means that agriculture and forestry must adapt to the challenges of climate change and receive support in the process. The preservation of natural life also means responsible treatment of animals. An EU-wide objective should be to ensure good husbandry The State Government intends to sustainably reduce the consump- conditions and to support small and medium-sized family farms. tion of non-renewable resources in favour of a more bio-based, life-cycle-oriented economy and thus make Baden-Württemberg a pioneering European region in this area. Measures to this end inclu- de incentives for environmentally friendly product design, sustainable product cycles and recycling as well as consistent waste avoidance. At EU level, the State Government advocates, among other things, a consistent reduction in the use of plastics wherever this is in line with the principle of sustainability. In addition, take-back obligations for more and more product groups and the end of waste exports must be regulated for the entire EU. The EU, the Federal Government and the State must take more initia- tives to improve air quality, especially in cities. An important contributi- on will be made through better conditions for cyclists and pedestrians, the expansion of efﬁcient local public transport and parking manage- ment, the reduction of emissions from cars, for example through intelligent mobility concepts and intelligent trafﬁc control systems, or the promotion of electric mobility, which will all help to reduce the pollution caused by car trafﬁc in cities. 35

9. An EU that promotes knowledge and innovation In the future, we can only secure our competi- The Erasmus programme is one of the best known EU success tiveness in business and research through joint stories. The exchange programme supports European knowledge European efforts. The aim must be to increase the transfer and is often the start of successful careers. Exchange speed of innovation in Europe. To this end, the EU through the Erasmus Plus programme needs to be further expan- must become more than ever a union of know- ded at EU level with the support of Member States or regions. ledge and innovation. In order to counter the increasing shortage of skilled labour in some Central to this is the completion of the European Member States, it is also necessary to simplify the process of Research Area, which is an EU initiative. The aim taking up employment in another EU country. This requires progress of the European Research Area is the close net- on the mutual recognition of qualiﬁcations, taking into account the working and further development of national re- different education and training systems in the respective Member search and science systems in Europe. In order to States. In the medium term, we are also striving for EU coordina- achieve this, mobility in the ﬁeld of research must tion of immigration rules for skilled workers from third countries. be increased and facilitated. Europe‘s strength lies We also attach great importance to creating an innovation-friendly in the fact that the best minds in science and re- environment. We advocate the coordination of support systems, search exchange ideas and work on joint projects. the reduction of bureaucratic obstacles, regulation adapted to the 36

size of companies and institutions, simpliﬁed certiﬁcation and faster commercially and to prevent new dependencies from forming. exploitation of patents. The focus will be on artiﬁcial intelligence, industry 4.0 and robotics, mobility, bio-economy, environmental technology, medical tech- The aim must be to jointly strive for global technological leadership nology and energy. The State has created an innovative centre of in key future ﬁelds and to strengthen Europe-wide research cen- cooperation for this, namely the “Cyber-Valley”. The challenges tres for this purpose. Within the EU, research priorities need to be arising from these trends must be identiﬁed more quickly and deﬁned in order to create synergies and avoid overlap and dupli- solutions offered. This also applies to a competitive automotive cation. The Member States on their own are too small to provide industry that is increasingly dependent on automation, digitalisation the necessary research funding for major research projects. The and compliance with the highest environmental standards. establishment of research-oriented, transnational European uni- versities is therefore essential. Border regions provide the perfect To achieve this, we need the appropriate infrastructure, in par- opportunity for this. With Eucor – The European Campus alliance, ticular an expansion of broadband networks. This is primarily the a European University has already been set up in the Upper Rhine task of the telecommunication companies. Where companies do region that can serve as a blueprint for further collaborations. not invest because it is not economically viable, the public sector must step in and play its part. This applies mainly to rural areas. The EU budget must give greater priority to research and develop- The EU and Member States as well as regions and municipalities ment and the advancement of technology transfer. This requires a must coordinate more closely in this respect. In particular, the ﬁelds further signiﬁcant increase in the EU research budget. of artiﬁcial intelligence and genetic engineering will bring about far- reaching ethical, social, societal and legal transformations. In this To ensure that Baden-Württemberg remains one of the most in- respect, the EU and all Member States are called upon to conduct a novative regions in Europe in the future, we are focusing on the wide-ranging debate and to establish an appropriate regulatory technology-oriented promotion of science and research. The State framework. The sheer size of the EU single market, with a future Government supports an excellence-oriented EU research policy population of some 440 million people, will require digital business that is geared towards quality. The State Government will work to models. When it comes to regulation, a “European way” must be ensure an appropriate distribution of EU research funding across found that sets high data protection standards both internally and all stages of development from basic research to market maturity. externally. We also attach importance to application-oriented, industry-oriented research, and EU funding aimed at the needs of SMEs and start-ups. In the EU, we must work together to respond more strongly to technology megatrends so that new technologies can also be used 37

10. An EU that brings its citizens together The strengthening of cohesion within the EU nal integration through models of cross-border must be given greater focus. Both the EU and cooperation. Exchange programmes facilitate the State Government are aware of the crucial direct encounters and friendships and afford the role played by human interaction and dialogue in participants a wide range of educational, profes- fostering cohesion and building a common Euro- sional and personal experiences. Cultural and pean identity. In the future, it will be even more artistic exchange creates a sense of community important to facilitate, develop and promote exis- and the sense of being part of Europe. ting opportunities for exchange and interaction not only for the younger generation, but for all ages In numerous towns, municipalities and district and backgrounds. partnerships, citizens are able to interact face to face. The State Government supports the muni- The focus is on enabling communication and cipalities in promoting these exchanges. Church dialogue for all sections of society, reinforcing youth exchanges and youth networks also play Europe‘s proﬁle in schools, universities, muni- a valuable role in this respect. The foundations cipalities and the media, and intensifying regio- based in Baden Württemberg, voluntary mem- 38

bers of the European associations and publicly recognised extracur- institutions in Strasbourg or Brussels during their time at school. The ricular educational institutions can also make a valuable contribution Commission and the European Parliament are requested to provide here. For instance, we could promote initiatives such as a voluntary ﬁnancial and organisational support for such educational trips. European Year or exchanges between young people, apprentices and young employees. There are already some examples here in Ofﬁcials can make an important contribution in ﬁrmly embedding Baden-Württemberg that have proven to be successful and worthy Europe within the local authorities and administrations. Baden- of imitation. Württemberg intends to harness the potential of its civil servants even more effectively and take a closer look at the European In addition, the long-term expansion and consolidation of the Eras- orientation of its administration. Baden-Württemberg will therefore mus programme proposed by the Commission in the areas of support job shadowing and exchange programmes for employees, schools and higher education for apprentices and professionals, especially in partner communities with local authorities and districts. culture and sport is very much welcome. The Erasmus programme should also be made more accessible to older generations. Parti- The issue of Europe must be given greater prominence in regional cularly in the ﬁeld of training and employment, targeted efforts are and national media coverage in order to create a European public needed to expand existing funding opportunities and to raise aware- sphere. Journalism training must provide basic knowledge on how ness. The EU is therefore called upon to signiﬁcantly simplify appli- the EU and its institutions work. Baden-Württemberg plans to create cation processes. In addition, within the scope of the Interrail project more incentives for a wider range of European policy seminars and “Discover Europe”, such groups should be targeted which have not content in its journalism study programmes. In the area of public yet been reached by support programmes. There should be more service broadcasting, the aim is to expand the use of EU platforms publicity given to projects such as the ”Young European Parliament” modelled on the “arte” channel and to develop digital formats (e.g. to increase public awareness. apps or podcasts) in a targeted manner. Baden-Württemberg has set itself the goal of further strengthening In order to strengthen Franco-German cooperation as an engine of the debate on European issues within the framework of democracy European integration, the State is working together with its French education at its schools. The aim is to develop a deeper understan- partners on a “France concept”. The aim is to bring new impetus ding of the history of the EU and how its institutions work, through to cooperation with our French neighbours so that we collabo- cooperation between schools and partner institutions. In history rate even more closely and effectively. To this end, we played an lessons, it might also be helpful to study the past from the perspec- active role in the work on the revision of the Élysée Treaty. tive of neighbouring countries. In addition, Baden-Württemberg Cross-border contacts and encounters in everyday life require will strive to enable more young people to take part in trips to EU physical connections, more speciﬁcally opportunities to travel 39

across the border, such as bridges across the Rhine. Practical steps that enable physical contact are essential for real integration. Reinstating the Colmar - Breisach - Freiburg and Hagenau - Rastatt - Karlsruhe railway lines will also serve to bridge the gaps and foster cross-border connections. In addi- tion, support should be given to innovative forms of mobility to facilitate everyday cross-border transport and to promote tourism, bringing people together both in work and in leisure. Foreign language skills are also important for cultural exchange and encounters. Through reciprocal communication and coordination, we are committed to promoting the partner langua- ge and fostering mobility within the education sector. Together with our French partners, the State Government is also supporting the expansion of relevant funding programmes at EU level. 40

Timeline of events Overview of events of the Dialogue on Europe 06.12.2017 Opening event in Stuttgart Stuttgart Opening event of the Dialogue on Europe with a keynote speech on European policy by Prime Minister Winfried Kretschmann, a contribution by the Minister of Justice and European Affairs, Guido Wolf, and a moderated discussion with the President of the Federal Constitutional Court, Prof. Dr. Andreas Voßkuhle, and the former Federal Foreign Minister, Joschka Fischer 10.03.2018 Expert Forum (1st Cornerstone) 19.05.2018 Citizens’ Dialogue (2nd Cornerstone) 09.06.2018 Citizens’ Dialogue (2nd Cornerstone) 11. + 12.06.2018 Specialist Forums (1st Cornerstone) Stuttgart Bad Mergentheim Rastatt Stuttgart 1st meeting of the Expert Forum of the Dialogue on Europe Dialogue with randomly selected citizens from Bad Mergentheim Dialogue with randomly selected citizens from Rastatt 1st meeting of the Specialist Forum of the Dialogue on Europe 11.10.2018 3rd Cornerstone event Ravensburg School simulation exercise “EU Summit: Giving Europe a Home”, held by the District Ofﬁce in Ravensburg 13.10.2018 Citizens’ Dialogue (2nd Cornerstone) Stuttgart Citizens’ Dialogue with EU Commissioner Günther Oettinger 22.10.2018 3rd Cornerstone event Aalen Panel Discussion “The Future of EU Finances, Expectations and Challenges” by EUROPoint Eastern Alb and the District Ofﬁce of the Eastern Alb district 26.10.2018 3rd Cornerstone event Mühlheim a.d. Donau Gallery Walk of the District Ofﬁce of Tuttlingen 04.12.2018 22.01.2019 3rd Cornerstone event Adoption of the Guiding Principles on Europe, Brussels Stuttgart Brussels Panel discussion “The Future Signiﬁcance of the EU for the Stuttgart Region” by the Verband Region Stuttgart (Association for the Stuttgart Region) and Wirt- schaftsförderung Region Stuttgart GmbH (Stuttgart region economic development agency) Adoption of the Guiding Principles on Europe at the meeting of the Council of Ministers of Baden-Württemberg and presentation of the Guiding Principles on Europe to the President of the European Commission, Jean-Claude Juncker 42

23.06.2018 Citizens’ Dialogue (2nd Cornerstone) Ravensburg Dialogue with randomly selected citizens from Ravensburg 30.06.2018 Citizens’ Dialogue (2nd Cornerstone) Tuttlingen Dialogue with randomly selected citizens from Tuttlingen 07.07.2018 Expert Forum (1st Cornerstone) Reutlingen 2. Sitzung des Expertenforums des Europadialogs 13. + 14.09.2018 01.10.2018 Specialist Forums ( 1st Cornerstone) Stuttgart 2nd meeting of the Specialist Forum of the Dialogue on Europe Citizens’ Dialogue (2nd Cornerstone) Freiburg Citizens’ Dialogue with Prime Minister Winfried Kretschmann and the President of the European Commission, Jean-Claude Juncker 10.11.2018 16.11.2018 Expert Forum (1st Cornerstone) 3rd Cornerstone event 17.11.2018 3rd Cornerstone event 17.11.2018 29.11.2018 3rd Cornerstone event 3rd Cornerstone event Stuttgart Leutkirch Pforzheim Vellberg-Großaltdorf Stuttgart 3rd meeting of the Expert Forum of the Dialogue on Europe School simulation exercise “Focus Balkans 28 plus”, held by the Ravensburg District Ofﬁce BarCamp “Europe & Town Twinning”, held by the Town of Pforzheim Panel Discussion “Rural Areas – A Place with a Future?!” with the Bürgerschaftliche Regional- entwicklung Jagstregion e.V., Regionalentwicklung Schwäbischer Wald e.V. and Regionalentwicklung Hohenlohe-Tauber e.V. Stuttgart Speech on Europe with the Federal President of the Republic of Austria, H.E. Dr. Alexander Van der Bellen The minutes of the meetings of the Expert Forum, the Specialist Forums and the Citizens’ Dialogues can be found at: www.europadialog-bw.de 43

Citizens’ Dialogue on 09.06.2018 in Rastatt Stuttgart Speech on Europe with the Federal President of the Republic of Austria, H.E. Dr. Alexander Van der Bellen on 29.11.2018 Process description The State Government launched the Dialogue on ament members from Baden-Württemberg were also part of the Europe to take an active role in the current deba- forum. The work of the Expert Forum was complemented by ﬁve te on the future of the EU. The aim was to enter specialist forums with speakers on the topics of innovation, youth, into a dialogue with citizens, as well as with ex- local authorities, safety and the environment. perts from politics, science, business and society. Various dialogue formats were developed for the 2nd Cornerstone: Citizens’ Dialogue State Government‘s Dialogue on Europe in the In Bad Mergentheim, Rastatt, Ravensburg, Tuttlingen, Freiburg form of three “Cornerstones”: and Stuttgart, six Citizens’ Dialogues were chaired by Gisela Erler, State Councillor for Citizen Participation and Civil Society. Randomly 1st Cornerstone: Expert Forum and Specialist selected citizens had the opportunity to formulate their ideas for Forums Europe and to discuss them with representatives of the State Govern- The Expert Forum, chaired by Guido Wolf, Minis- ment, with the President of the European Commission, Jean-Claude ter of Justice and European Affairs, and deputy Juncker, and with EU Commissioner Günther Oettinger. The pro- chairman, State Secretary Volker Ratzmann from cess of interviewing citizens selected at random was a special the State Ministry, included 19 representatives feature of the European Dialogue: With the help of the residents‘ from the science and business communities, registration database, citizens were picked at random and personally trade unions, the church, the cultural sector and invited to the local Citizens’ Dialogues. As a result, a wide variety the media. Members of the State Parliament of of different perspectives on EU issues were highlighted during the Baden-Württemberg as well as European Parli- State‘s dialogue process. 44

From top to bottom Dr. Markus Schildknecht, Andre Fricke (representing Martin Kunzmann), Prof. Dr. Friedrich Heinemann, Prof. Dr. Martin Nettesheim, Regional Bishop Dr. h.c. Frank Otfried July, Gudrun Heute-Bluhm, Rainer Wieland MEP, Rolf-Dieter Krause, Eckart von Klaeden, Joachim Walter, Sebastian Körber, Dr. Alexandra Zoller (Ministry of Justice and European Affairs), Alexander Kreher (Town of Reutlingen), State Secretary Volker Ratzmann, Minister of Justice and European Affairs Guido Wolf (Member of the State Parliament), Joachim Kößler (Member of the State Parliament), Christian O. Erbe (representing Wolfgang Grenke), Josha Frey (Member of the State Parliament), Prof. Dr. Gabriele Abels, Mirko Drotschmann Not pictured Bishop Dr. Gebhard Fürst, Evelyne Gebhardt MEP, Heide Rühle former MEP Expert Forum, 2nd meeting on 07.07.2018 in Reutlingen 3rd Cornerstone: Public events the beginning of November 2018. The results have also been used The Dialogue on Europe was accompanied by numerous public in the drafting of the Guiding Principles. events. The event started with a discussion with Prime Minister Winfried Kretschmann, the Minister of Justice and European Affairs, Guiding Principles – Process Guido Wolf, the President of the Federal Constitutional Court, Prof. The contributions from the dialogue process were collated and for- Dr. Andreas Voßkuhle, and the former German Foreign Minister, med the basis for the State Government‘s Guiding Principles on Eu- Joschka Fischer. Panel discussions were held in Aalen, Vellberg and rope. The Guiding Principles‘ ten visions of the future illustrate the Stuttgart on the topics of EU ﬁnances, cross-border labour markets, direction the State Government wishes the EU to take in the years Europe and rural areas. In Pforzheim, Tuttlingen and Stuttgart, dis- ahead. Ten compelling headings formulate what the State Govern- cussion groups and school events were organised on the topics of ment expects not only from the EU, but also from the State itself. town twinning and regional development. To conclude the series of events, the Federal President of the Republic of Austria, H.E. Dr. Guiding Principles – Objectives Alexander Van der Bellen, delivered a keynote address in the series These Guiding Principles should include a future-oriented declarati- “Stuttgart Speeches on Europe”. on by the State Government on its own self-conception and its basic Public relations work and survey tion and thus guide and motivate action. Externally, it should make The website www.europadialog-bw.de provides a detailed account clear the State Government‘s position with regard to European po- of the activities of the Dialogue on Europe. People could also sub- licy. With its Guiding Principles, the State is actively contributing to mit written comments and ideas on this site. Citizens were able to the current debate on the future of the EU. tenets on European integration. Internally, it should provide orienta- answer questions regarding the future of the EU in an online survey on the ofﬁcial participation portal for the Dialogue on Europe. More than 500 people took part in the survey between the end of July and 45

How does the EU affect your daily life? 1 Open borders, travel, freedom of movement, holidays Currency, single currency, pay, interest rate policy Work, career, office, job, commuting, study, school Laws, directives, tenders, court rulings, European law, EU law Free movement of goods, trade, economy, single market Data protection News, newspaper, press, television, media Common standards, CE marking Cross-border projects, funding, structural funds, funding programmes Data roaming, mobile phone Putting the clocks back or forward, daylight saving time Erasmus, student exchanges Nature conservation, environmental protection Friendships, family, marriage Consumer protection What works well in the EU? 1 Freedom to travel, open borders, freedom of movement, liberty Trade, imports, exports, free movement of goods, single market Single currency, Euro 30 % 18 % 11 % 7 % 6 % 5 % 4 % 3 % 3 % 3 % 2 % 2 % 2 % 2% 1 % 22 % 19 % 19 % Economy 11 % Erasmus, student exchanges 10 % International understanding, communication, friendship, exchange of interests Economic cooperation, support for weaker countries Peace, no war A lot, almost everything Cross-border projects 7 % 6 % 6 % 3 % 2 % Education 2 % Environmental protection, climate protection Consumer protection 2 % 2 % 47

What are the biggest challenges facing the EU from Baden-Württemberg‘s perspective? 1 Cohesion within the EU Controlling migration 18 % 11 % Climate protection 10 % Upholding the rule of law Peace and foreign policy 10 % 10 % Integration 9 % Globalisation 8 % Digitalisation 5 % State debt 5 % Security 4 % Economic development Competitiveness Promoting research and innovation 4 % 4 % 3 % From the point of view of Baden-Württemberg, what should happen in the future? 1 Member States should work more closely together The EU should deal with fewer issues than now, but more efficiently States that want to do more, should do more together The EU should only concentrate on economic cooperation Everything should continue as before 46 % 25 % 22 % 4 % 3 % 49

Imprint Publisher Staatsministerium Baden-Württemberg Editor Daniela Lörch Referat 43 – Europa Richard-Wagner-Straße 15 70184 Stuttgart, Germany Telephone +49 711 2153 522 daniela.loerch@stm.bwl.de Layout büro punkt. für visuelle Gestaltung, Medienkonzepte und Internetservice Hauptstraße 46 73098 Rechberghausen, Germany Telephone +49 (0)7161 959383 www.buero-punkt.de Printing Bader Druck GmbH Daimlerstraße 15 73037 Göppingen www.bader-druck.de Number of copies: 2,000 Printed on: VIVUS 103 100% recycled paper, climate-neutral production, FSC®-certified © State Ministry of Baden-Württemberg, 1st Edition, March 2019 No liability is assumed for the correctness of the information provided. Reproduction, dissemination or publication of the contents of this brochure, in whole or in part, require the express permission of the publisher. 50

Picture credits State Parliament) and former Federal Foreign Minister Joschka Fischer on 06.12.2017 in Stuttgart ©State Ministry of Baden-Württemberg Bottom: Stuttgart speech on Europe on 29.11.2018 in Stuttgart ©State Ministry of Baden-Württemberg, Freiburg, Martin Horn, and Minister of Justice and European Affairs, Guido Wolf (Member of the State Parliament) at the Citizens’ Dialogue on 01.10.2018 in Freiburg ©Karl-Heinz Raach; top right: The President of the European Commission, Jean-Claude Juncker, the Lord Mayor of the City of Freiburg, Martin Horn, Prime Minister Winfried Kretschmann (Member of the State Parliament), Minister of Justice and European Affairs, Guido Wolf (Member of the State Parliament) and State Councillor Gisela Erler at the Citizens’ Dialogue on 01.10.2018 in Freiburg ©Karl-Heinz Raach Bottom: EU Commissioner Günther Oettinger at the Citizens’ Dialogue on 13.10.2018 in Stuttgart ©Jan Georg Plavec at the meeting of the Expert Forum on 10.11.2018 in Stuttgart ©Steffen Schmid Centre left: Prime Minister Winfried Kretschmann (Member of the State Parliament) at the meeting of the Expert Forum on 10.03.2018 in Stuttgart ©Jan Georg Plavec, Centre right: Minister of Justice and European Affairs, Guido Wolf (Member of the State Parliament) at the meeting of the Expert Forum on 10.11.2018 in Stuttgart ©Steffen Schmid Bottom left: Prime Minister Winfried Kretschmann (Member of the State Parliament), Federal President of the Republic of Austria, H.E. Dr. Alexander Van der Bellen, and moderator Stefanie Germann at the Stuttgart Speech on Europe on 29.11.2018 in Stuttgart ©State Ministry of Baden-Württemberg; bottom right: Citizens’ Dialogue on 01.10.2018 in Freiburg ©Karl-Heinz Raach Cover: Top left: Meeting of the Expert Forums on 14.09.2018 in Stuttgart ©Steffen Schmid; right: Citizens’ Dialogue on 19.05.2018 in Bad Mergentheim ©Jens Hackmann P. 4: Prime Minister Winfried Kretschmann (Member of the State Parliament) ©State Ministry of Baden-Württemberg P. 5: Minister of Justice and European Affairs, Guido Wolf (Member of the State Parliament) © Ministry of Justice and European Affairs of the State of Baden-Württemberg P. 6: Top left: State Councillor Gisela Erler at the Citizens’ Dialogue on 19.05.2018 in Bad Mergentheim ©Jens Hackmann; top right: State Secretary Volker Ratzmann P. 8: 2 Signposts in the evening sun ©fotolia.com, peterschreiber.media P. 11: Meeting of the Expert Forum on 10.11.2018 in Stuttgart ©Steffen Schmid P. 12: Opening event with the President of the Federal Constitutional Court, Prof. Dr. Andreas Voßkuhle, moderator Peter Heilbrunner, Prime Minister Winfried Kretschmann (Member of the P. 13: Top: Meeting of the Expert Forum on 10.11.2018 in Stuttgart ©Steffen Schmid, P. 14: Thumbnail image credits, see pages: 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 P. 15: Thumbnail image credits, see pages: 28, 32, 34, 36, 38 P. 16: Group of happy people © skynesher - istockphoto.com P. 17: Top left: Prime Minister Winfried Kretschmann (Member of the State Parliament), the President of the European Commission, Jean-Claude Juncker, the Lord Mayor of the City of P. 18: Hand arranging pieces of wood ©fotolia.com, Chaiyawat P. 19: Meeting of the Specialist Forum “Municipalities” on 12.06.2018 in Stuttgart ©Steffen Schmid P. 20: Justitia © AA+W - Fotolia.com P. 21: Meeting of the Specialist Forum “Communities” on 14.09.2018 in Stuttgart ©Steffen Schmid P. 22: Globus © Chinnapong - Fotolia.com P. 24: Young family © evgenyatamanenko - istockphoto.com P. 25: Top left: Meeting of the Specialist Forum “Innovation” on 12.06.2018 in Stuttgart ©Steffen Schmid P. 26: Top left: Citizens’ Dialogue on 09.06.2018 in Rastatt ©Gerhard Dinger; right: Meeting of the Expert Forum on 10.11.2018 in Stuttgart ©Steffen Schmid P. 27: Top: Meeting of the Expert Forum on 10.11.2018 in Stuttgart ©Steffen Schmid P. 28: Policeman © Tobias Arhelger - Fotolia.com P. 29: Top left: Meeting of the Specialist Forum “Security” on 14.09.2018 in Stuttgart ©Steffen Schmid P. 30: Meeting of the Expert Forum “Young people” on 13.09.2018 in Stuttgart ©Steffen Schmid P. 31: Top: Meeting of the Expert Forum on 07.07.2018 in Reutlingen ©Gerlinde Trinkhaus P. 32: Handshake © underdogstudios - Fotolia.com P. 33: Meeting of the Expert Forum “Environment” on 13.09.2018 in Stuttgart ©Steffen Schmid P. 34: Hands holding a plant © amenic181 - Fotolia.com P. 35: Meeting of the Expert Forum “Environment” on 11.06.2018 in Stuttgart ©Steffen Schmid P. 36: Net © vegefox.com - Fotolia.com P. 38: Team © BillionPhotoP.com - Fotolia.com P. 40: Top left: Citizens’ Dialogue on 13.10.2018 in Stuttgart ©Jan Georg Plavec; Top right: Citizens’ Dialogue on 01.10.2018 in Freiburg ©Karl-Heinz Raach P. 44: Top left: State Councillor Gisela Erler at the Citizens’ Dialogue on 09.06.2018 in Rastatt ©Gerhard Dinger; Top right: Federal President of the Republic of Austria, P. 45: Meeting of the Expert Forum on 07.07.2018 in Reutlingen ©Gerlinde Trinkhaus P. 46: Top: Meeting of the Specialist Forum “Communities” on 14.09.2018 in Stuttgart ©Steffen Schmid Top right: Meeting of the Specialist Forum “Innovation” on 14.09.2018 in Stuttgart ©Steffen Schmid Bottom: Meeting of the Specialist Forum “Young people” on 11.06.2018 in Stuttgart ©Steffen Schmid Top right: Meeting of the Specialist Forum “Security” on 12.06.2018 in Stuttgart ©Steffen Schmid Bottom: Meeting of the Specialist Forum “Security” on 14.09.2018 in Stuttgart ©Steffen Schmid Bottom: Meeting of the specialist forum ”Communities” on 14.09.2018 in Stuttgart ©Steffen Schmid H.E Dr. Alexander Van der Bellen at the Stuttgart Speech on Europe on 29.11.2018 in Stuttgart ©State Ministry of Baden-Württemberg Bottom: Citizens’ Dialogue on 19.05.2018 in Bad Mergentheim ©Jens Hackmann 51